Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 53, ISSUE 2, P66-72, March 2005

Download started.

Ok

Health and safety of older nurses

      The nursing workforce is aging at an unprecedented rate yet little is known about the health and safety of older registered nurses (RNs). The survey reported here examined the relationships between demographic variables, job attributes (job satisfaction, control over practice, and job demands) and the physical and mental health and job-related injuries and health disorders of 308 nurses over the age of 50. Findings indicate that nurses with higher job satisfaction, higher control over practice, and lower job demands experienced increased physical health. Increasing age was positively correlated with mental health. Almost a quarter of older RNs experienced a job-related injury within the past 5 years, and over a third experienced job-related health problems. Nurses with higher job demands and those employed in hospital settings were more likely to have an injury. Overall, older RNs reported higher levels of physical and mental health than the national norm. Efforts must be made to keep older RNs healthy so we can retain them in the workforce.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Nursing Outlook
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Buerhaus P.I.
        • Staiger D.O.
        • Auerbach D.I.
        Implications of an aging registered nurse workforce.
        JAMA. 2000; 283: 2948-2954
        • Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
        Staffing shortages and quality of care. 2004 (Available at: http://www.jcaho.org (accessed 6 February))
      1. To err is human. National Academy Press, Washington, DC2001
        • Aiken L.H.
        • Clarke S.P.
        • Sloane D.M.
        Hospital staffing, organization, and quality of care.
        Nurs Outlook. 2002; 50: 187-194
        • Letvak S.
        Retaining the older nurse.
        J Nurs Admin. 2002; 32: 387-392
        • Division of Nursing, Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services Administration (DHHS)
        The registered nurse population: findings from the national sample survey of registered nurses. 2004 (Available at: http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce.rnsurvey (accessed 15 February))
        • Aiken L.A.
        • Clarke S.P.
        • Sloane D.M.
        • Sochalski J.
        • Silber J.H.
        Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction.
        JAMA. 2002; 16: 1987-1993
        • National Opinion Research Center
        General Social Survey, Data Information and Retrieval System. 2003 (Available at: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu (accessed 5 November))
        • Nursing Executive Center
        Reversing the flight of talent. The Advisory Board Company, Washington, DC2000
        • Ingersoll G.L.
        • Olsan T.
        • Drew-Cates J.
        • DeVinney B.C.
        • Davies J.
        Nurses’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and career intent.
        J Nurs Admin. 2002; 32: 250-263
        • Letvak S.
        The experience of being an older staff nurse.
        Western J Nurs Res. 2003; 25: 45-56
        • McNeese-Smith D.K.
        • vanServellen G.
        Age, developmental, and job stage influences on nurse outcomes.
        Outcomes Managem Nurs Prac. 2000; 42: 97-104
        • Alexander J.A.
        • Lichtenstein R.L.
        • Oh H.J.
        • Ullman E.
        A causal model of voluntary turnover among nursing personnel in long-term care psychiatric settings.
        Res Nurs Hlth. 1998; 32: 415-427
        • Boyle D.K.
        • Bott M.J.
        • Hansen H.E.
        • Woods C.Q.
        • Taunton R.L.
        Managers’ leadership and critical care nurses’ intent to stay.
        Am J Crit Care. 1999; 8: 361-371
        • Kaldenberg D.O.
        • Regrut B.
        Do satisfied patients depend on satisfied employees? The satisfaction report. Press Ganey, South Bend, Indiana2001
        • Laschinger H.K.S.
        • Havens S.
        Staff nurse work empowerment and perceived control over nursing practice.
        J Nurs Admin. 1996; 26: 27-35
        • Buckles-Prince S.
        Shared governance.
        J Nurs Admin. 1997; 27: 28-35
        • Nakata J.A.
        • Saylor C.
        Management style and staff nurse satisfaction in a changing environment.
        Nurs Admin Quarterly. 1994; 18: 51-57
        • Kramer M.
        • Schmalenberg C.E.
        Magnet hospital nurses describe control over nursing practice.
        Western J Nurs Res. 2003; 25: 434-452
        • Demerouti E.
        • Bakker A.B.
        • Nachreiner F.
        • Schaufeli W.B.
        A model of burnout and life satisfaction among nurses.
        J Adv Nurs. 2000; 32: 454-464
        • Clarke S.P.
        • Sloane D.M.
        • Aiken L.H.
        The effects of hospital staffing and organizational climate on needlestick injuries to nurses.
        Am J Pub Hlth. 2001; 92: 1115-1119
        • Diaz R.I.
        • Carbrera D.D.
        Safety climate and attitude as evaluation measures of organizational safety.
        Accidents Annals Prev. 1997; 29: 643-650
        • McNeese-Smith D.K.
        • Nazery M.
        A nursing shortage: building organizational commitment among nurses: practitioner application.
        J Healthcare Mngmt. 2001; 46: 173-187
        • Shephard R.J.
        Aging and productivity.
        Intl J Indust Ergon. 2000; 25: 535-545
        • Harma M.
        • Ilmarinen J.
        Towards the 24-hr society—new approaches for aging shift workers?.
        Scand J Work Environ Hlth. 1999; 25: 610-615
        • Hansson R.O.
        • Robson S.M.
        • Limas M.J.
        Stress and coping among older workers.
        Work. 2001; 17: 247-256
        • Robertson A.
        • Tracy C.S.
        Health and productivity of older workers.
        Scand J Work Environ Hlth. 1998; 24: 85-97
        • Amick B.C.
        • Kawachi I.
        • Coakley E.H.
        • Lerner D.
        • Levine S.
        • Colditz G.A.
        Relationship of job strain and iso-strain to health status in a cohort of women in the United States.
        Scand J Work Environ Hlth. 1998; 24: 54-61
        • Cheng Y.
        • Kawachi I.
        • Coakley E.H.
        • Schwartz J.
        • Colditz G.
        Association between psychosocial work characteristics and health functioning in American women.
        Brit Med J. 2000; 320: 1432-1436
        • Matthews S.
        • Hertzman C.
        • Ostry A.
        • Power C.
        Gender, work role and psychosocial work characteristics as determinants of health.
        Soc Sci Med. 1998; 46: 1417-1424
        • Vermeulen M.
        • Mustard C.
        Gender differences in job strain, social support at work, and psychological distress.
        J Occupl Hlth Psych. 2000; 5: 428-440
        • Wilkins K.
        • Beaudet M.P.
        Work stress and health.
        Hlth Reports. 1998; 10: 47-63
        • Bourbonnais R.
        • Vinet A.
        • Meyer F.
        • Goldberg M.
        Certified sick and workload. A case-referent study among nurses.
        J Occup Med. 1992; 34: 69-74
        • Skipper J.K.
        • Jung F.D.
        • Coffey L.C.
        Nurses and shiftwork.
        J Adv Nurs. 1990; 15: 835-842
        • Bourbonnais R.
        • Comeau M.
        • Vezina M.
        Job strain and evolution of mental health among nurses.
        J Occup Hlth Psych. 1999; 4: 95-107
        • Centers for Disease Control
        • National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
        Health care workers (2002). 2004 (Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/healthpg/html (accessed May 7))
        • Stellman J.M.
        Women workers.
        J Occup Med. 1999; 37: 559-581
      2. American Nurses Association American. Nurses Association denounces OSHA ergonomics plan. Press Release for the American Nurses Association April 8, 2002. Available at: http://www.nursingworld.org/rerealnews (Accessed April 8, 2004).

        • US Department of Labor
        • Bureau of Labor Statistics
        Lost work time injuries and illnesses. 2002 (Released April 10)
        • Lipscomb J.
        • Trinkoff A.
        • Brady B.
        • Geiger-Brown J.
        Health care system changes and reported musculoskeletal disorders among registered nurses.
        Am J Publ Hlth. 2004; 94: 1431-1435
        • Clarke S.P.
        • Sloane D.M.
        • Aiken L.H.
        Effects of hospital staffing and organizational climate on needlestick injuries to nurses.
        Am J Publ Hlth. 2002; 92: 1115-1119
        • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
        Injuries, illnesses and fatalities. NIOSH Publications, Cincinnati, OH2002
        • Ross C.E.
        • Mirowsky J.
        Does employment affect health.
        J Hlth Soc Behav. 1995; 36: 230-243
        • Marshall N.L.
        Health and illness issues facing an aging workforce in the new Millennium.
        Sociol Spect. 2001; 21: 431-439
        • Karasek R.
        • Theorell T.
        Healthy work. Basic Books, New York, NY1990
        • Mausner-Dorsch H.
        • Eaton W.W.
        Psychosocial work environment and depression.
        Am J Pub Hlth. 2000; 90: 1765-1770
        • deJonge J.
        • Mulder M.J.G.
        • Nijhuis F.J.N.
        The incorporation of different demand concepts in the job demand-control model.
        Soc Sci Med. 1999; 48: 1149-1160
        • Tummers G.E.R.
        • Janssen P.P.M.
        • Landeweerd A.
        • Houkes I.
        A comparative study of work characteristics and reactions between general and mental health nurses.
        J Adv Nurs. 2001; 36: 151-162
        • Spence Laschinger H.K.
        • Finegan J.
        • Shamian J.
        Promoting nurses’ health.
        Nurs Econ. 2001; 19: 42-52
        • Board on Behavioral, Cognitive and Sensory Sciences and Education
        • National Academy of Science
        Health and safety needs of older workers. National Academies Press, Washington DC2004
        • Wanous J.P.
        • Reichers A.E.
        • Hudy M.J.
        Overall job satisfaction.
        J Applied Psych. 1997; 82: 247-252
        • Ware J.E.
        • Snow K.K.
        • Kosinski M.
        • Gandek B.
        SF-36 health survey manual and interpretation guide. The Health Institute, Boston, MA2000
        • Geiger-Brown J.
        • Trinkoff A.M.
        • Nielsen K.
        • Lirtkmunlikaporn S.
        • Brady B.
        • Vasquez E.I.
        • et al.
        Nurses’ perception of their work environment, health, and well being.
        AAOHN J. 2004; 52: 16-22
        • Trinkoff A.M.
        • Lipscomb J.A.
        • Geiger-Brown J.
        • Brady B.
        Musculoskeletal problems of the neck, shoulder, and back and functional consequences in nurses.
        Am J Industr Med. 2002; 41: 170-178
        • Trinkoff A.M.
        • Brady B.
        • Nielson K.
        Workplace prevention and musculoskeletal injuries in nurses.
        JONA. 2003; 33: 153-158
        • Owen B.D.
        Preventing injuries using an ergonomic approach.
        AORN J. 2000; 72: 1031-1036
        • Institute of Medicine (IOM)
        Keeping patients safe.
        National Academies Press, Washington, DC2003

      Biography

      Susan Letvak is a at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC.