Highlights
- •Examines external whistleblowing from the perspective of its permissibility vis-à-vis the negative effect it may have on a health care organization or service.
- •Proposes the Principle of Double Effect as an ethical criterion to assess the permissibility of external whistleblowing in the context of a negative effect.
- •Argues that external whistleblowing by a nurse when understood as an advocacy act with two effects (i.e., the effect of defending a patient and the further negative effect on the health care organization or service) can be ethically permissible through meeting the conditions of the Principle of Double Effect.
Abstract
Nurses are generally expected to raise concerns when a harm or wrongdoing is committed
against patients. Should their concerns not be adequately addressed, then nurses may
take the decision to engage in external whistleblowing. Given that it could have a
negative effect on the health care organization or service, nurses may question whether
they should engage in external whistleblowing. Consequently, is there an ethical criterion
to discern whether the negative effect on the health care organization or service
is ethically permissible? This paper argues for the suitability of the Principle of
Double Effect as an ethical criterion. The position of this paper is that external
whistleblowing by a nurse when understood as an advocacy act with two effects (i.e.
the effect of defending a patient and the further negative effect on the health care
organization or service) can be ethically permissible through meeting the conditions
of the Principle of Double Effect.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 15, 2022
Accepted:
September 14,
2022
Received in revised form:
September 12,
2022
Received:
June 20,
2022
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